Added queue support to Monarch (#49)

* Created queue and added show() as a queuable action
* Improved logic in confirm popup - It should not crash if there is no next screen in data
* Fixed indentation
* Made the new queue a lot more stable. Fixed tests.
* Removed debug output
* Fixed issue with html5 builds

.gitignore

@@ -8,3 +8,4 @@ build
 .cproject
 builtins
 .internal
+luacov.report.out

.luacov

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+local reporter = require "luacov.reporter.defold"
+
+--- Default values for configuration options.
+-- For project specific configuration create '.luacov' file in your project
+-- folder. It should be a Lua script setting various options as globals
+-- or returning table of options.
+-- @class module
+-- @name deftest.coverage.configuration
+return {
+
+  --- Reporter class to use when creating a report. Default: DefaultReporter from reporter.lua
+  reporter = reporter,
+
+  --- Filename to store collected stats. Default: "luacov.stats.out".
+  statsfile = "luacov.stats.out",
+
+  --- Filename to store report. Default: "luacov.report.out".
+  reportfile = "luacov.report.out",
+
+  --- Enable saving coverage data after every `savestepsize` lines?
+  -- Setting this flag to `true` in config is equivalent to running LuaCov
+  -- using `luacov.tick` module. Default: false.
+  tick = false,
+
+  --- Stats file updating frequency for `luacov.tick`.
+  -- The lower this value - the more frequently results will be written out to the stats file.
+  -- You may want to reduce this value (to, for example, 2) to avoid losing coverage data in
+  -- case your program may terminate without triggering luacov exit hooks that are supposed
+  -- to save the data. Default: 100.
+  savestepsize = 100,
+
+  --- Run reporter on completion? Default: true.
+  runreport = true,
+
+  --- Delete stats file after reporting? Default: false.
+  deletestats = true,
+
+  --- Process Lua code loaded from raw strings?
+  -- That is, when the 'source' field in the debug info
+  -- does not start with '@'. Default: true.
+  codefromstrings = true,
+
+  --- Lua patterns for files to include when reporting.
+  -- All will be included if nothing is listed.
+  -- Do not include the '.lua' extension. Path separator is always '/'.
+  -- Overruled by `exclude`.
+  -- @usage
+  -- include = {
+  --    "mymodule$",      -- the main module
+  --    "mymodule%/.+$",  -- and everything namespaced underneath it
+  -- }
+  include = {},
+
+  --- Lua patterns for files to exclude when reporting.
+  -- Nothing will be excluded if nothing is listed.
+  -- Do not include the '.lua' extension. Path separator is always '/'.
+  -- Overrules `include`.
+  exclude = { "^test%/.+$", "^deftest%/.+$" },
+
+  --- Table mapping names of modules to be included to their filenames.
+  -- Has no effect if empty.
+  -- Real filenames mentioned here will be used for reporting
+  -- even if the modules have been installed elsewhere.
+  -- Module name can contain '*' wildcard to match groups of modules,
+  -- in this case corresponding path will be used as a prefix directory
+  -- where modules from the group are located.
+  -- @usage
+  -- modules = {
+  --    ["some_rock"] = "src/some_rock.lua",
+  --    ["some_rock.*"] = "src"
+  -- }
+  modules = {},
+
+}

.travis.yml

@@ -17,12 +17,16 @@ language: java
 jdk:
   - oraclejdk8
 
-#DEFOLD_AUTH=auth token
+dist: trusty
+
 env:
   global:
-    - secure: "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"
-    - DEFOLD_USER=bjorn.ritzl@king.com
+    - DEFOLD_AUTH=foobar
+    - DEFOLD_USER=bjorn.ritzl@gmail.com
     - DEFOLD_BOOSTRAP_COLLECTION=/test/test.collectionc
 
 script:
   - "./.travis/run.sh"
+
+after_success:
+  - bash <(curl -s https://codecov.io/bash)

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 ![](docs/logo.jpg)
 
 [![Build Status](https://travis-ci.org/britzl/monarch.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/britzl/monarch)
+[![Code Coverage](https://codecov.io/gh/britzl/monarch/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/britzl/monarch)
 [![Latest Release](https://img.shields.io/github/release/britzl/monarch.svg)](https://github.com/britzl/monarch/releases)
 
 # Monarch
@@ -20,17 +21,44 @@ Using Monarch requires that screens are created in a certain way. Once you have
 
 
 ## Creating screens
-Monarch screens are created in individual collections and loaded through collection proxies. The recommended setup is to create one game object per screen and per game object attach a collection proxy component and an instance of the ```screen.script``` provided by Monarch. The ```screen.script``` will take care of the setup of the screen. All you need to do is to make sure that the script properties on the ```screen.script``` are correct:
+Monarch screens are created in individual collections and either loaded through collection proxies or created through collection factories.
+
+### Collection proxies
+For proxies the recommended setup is to create one game object per screen and per game object attach a collection proxy component and an instance of the ```screen_proxy.script``` provided by Monarch. The ```screen_proxy.script``` will take care of the setup of the screen. All you need to do is to make sure that the script properties on the script are correct:
 
 * **Screen Proxy (url)** - The URL to the collection proxy component containing the actual screen. Defaults to ```#collectionproxy```.
 * **Screen Id (hash)** - A unique id that can be used to reference the screen when navigating your app.
 * **Popup (boolean)** - Check this if the screen should be treated as a [popup](#popups).
 * **Popup on Popup (boolean)** - Check this if the screen is a [popup](#popups) and it can be shown on top of other popups.
-* **Transition Url (url)** - Optional URL to call when the screen is about to be shown/hidden. Use this to trigger a transition (see the section on [transitions](#transitions)).
-* **Focus Url (url)** - Optional URL to call when the screen gains or loses focus (see the section on [screen focus](#screen-focus-gainloss)).
+* **Timestep below Popup (number)** - Timestep to set on screen proxy when it is below a popup. This is useful when pausing animations and gameplay while a popup is open.
+* **Screen Keeps Input Focus When Below Popup (boolean)** - Check this if the screen should keep input focus when it is below a popup.
+* **Others Keep Input Focus When Below Screen (boolean)** - Check this if other screens should keep input focus when below this screen.
+* **Transition Url (url)** - Optional URL to post messages to when the screen is about to be shown/hidden. Use this to trigger a transition (see the section on [transitions](#transitions)).
+* **Focus Url (url)** - Optional URL to post messages to when the screen gains or loses focus (see the section on [screen focus](#screen-focus-gainloss)).
+* **Receiver Url (url)** - Optional URL to post messages to using `monarch.post()`.
+* **Preload (boolean)** - Check this if the screen should be preloaded and kept loaded at all times. For a collection proxy it means that it will be async loaded but not enabled at all times while not visible. This can also temporarily be achieved through the `monarch.preload()` function.
 
-![](docs/setup.png)
+![](docs/setup_proxy.png)
 
+### Collection factories
+For factories the recommended setup is to create one game object per screen and per game object attach a collection factory component and an instance of the ```screen_factory.script``` provided by Monarch. The ```screen_factory.script``` will take care of the setup of the screen. All you need to do is to make sure that the script properties on the script are correct:
+
+* **Screen Factory (url)** - The URL to the collection factory component containing the actual screen. Defaults to ```#collectionfactory```.
+* **Screen Id (hash)** - A unique id that can be used to reference the screen when navigating your app.
+* **Popup (boolean)** - Check this if the screen should be treated as a [popup](#popups).
+* **Popup on Popup (boolean)** - Check this if the screen is a [popup](#popups) and it can be shown on top of other popups.
+* **Screen Keeps Input Focus When Below Popup (boolean)** - Check this if the screen should keep input focus when it is below a popup.
+* **Others Keep Input Focus When Below Screen (boolean)** - Check this if other screens should keep input focus when below this screen.
+* **Transition Id (hash)** - Optional id of the game object to send a message to when the screen is about to be shown/hidden. Use this to trigger a transition (see the section on [transitions](#transitions)).
+* **Focus Id (hash)** - Optional id of the game object to send a message to when the screen gains or loses focus (see the section on [screen focus](#screen-focus-gainloss)).
+* **Preload (boolean)** - Check this if the screen should be preloaded and kept loaded at all times. For a collection factory this means that its resources will be dynamically loaded at all times. This can also temporarily be achieved through the `monarch.preload()` function.
+
+![](docs/setup_factory.png)
+
+Note: Monarch supports dynamic collection factories (ie where the "Load Dynamically" checkbox is checked).
+
+## Nesting screens
+Sometimes it might be desirable to have a screen that contains one or more sub-screens or children, for instance popups that are used only by that screen. Monarch supports nested screens only when the parent screen is created via a collection factory. If the parent screen is loaded via a collection proxy the sub/child-screens won't be able to receive any input.
 
 ## Navigating between screens
 The navigation in Monarch is based around a stack of screens. When a screen is shown it is pushed to the top of the stack. When going back to a previous screen the topmost screen on the stack is removed. Example:
@@ -73,6 +101,15 @@ As opposed to if the ```clear``` flag was not set:
 * A call to ```monarch.show(B, { clear = false })``` is made
 * Stack is ```[A, B, C, D, B]``` - (B is on top)
 
+#### Showing a screen without adding it to the stack
+Monarch can also show a screen without adding it to the stack. This can be used to for instance load a collection containing a background that you want to have visible at all times. You show and hide such a screen like this:
+
+	-- show the background without adding it to the stack
+	monarch.show(hash("background"), { no_stack = true })
+
+	-- hide the background
+	monarch.hide(hash("background"))
+
 ### Going back to a previous screen
 You navigate back in the screen hierarchy in one of two ways:
 
@@ -81,7 +118,8 @@ You navigate back in the screen hierarchy in one of two ways:
 
 
 ## Input focus
-Monarch will acquire and release input focus on the game objects containing the proxies to the screens and ensure that only the top-most screen will ever have input focus.
+Monarch will acquire and release input focus on the game objects containing the proxies to the screens and ensure that only the top-most screen will ever have input focus. The screen settings above provide a `Screen Keeps Input Focus When Below Popup` and `Others Keep Input Focus When Below Screen` setting to override this behavior so that a screen can continue to have focus. This is useful when you have for instance a tabbed popup where the tabs are in a root screen and the content of the individual tabs are separate screens. In this case you want the tabs to have input as well as the tab content.
+
 
 ## Popups
 A screen that is flagged as a popup (see [list of screen properties](#creating-screens) above) will be treated slightly differently when it comes to navigation.
@@ -115,7 +153,7 @@ If a screen is shown on top of one or more popups they will all be removed from
 
 
 ## Transitions
-You can add optional transitions when navigating between screens. The default behavior is that screen navigation is instant but if you have defined a transition for a screen Monarch will wait until the transition is completed before proceeding. The Transition Url property described above should be the URL to a script with an ```on_message``` handlers for the following messages:
+You can add optional transitions when navigating between screens. The default behavior is that screen navigation is instant but if you have defined a transition for a screen Monarch will wait until the transition is completed before proceeding. The `Transition Url` (proxy) or `Transition Id` (collectionfactory) property described above should be the URL/Id to a script with an ```on_message``` handlers for the following messages:
 
 * ```transition_show_in``` (constant defined as ```monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_IN```)
 * ```transition_show_out``` (constant defined as ```monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_OUT```)
@@ -162,6 +200,8 @@ The predefined transitions provided by ```monarch.transitions.gui``` are:
 * ```slide_out_bottom```
 * ```scale_in```
 * ```scale_out```
+* ```fade_in``` - Set node alpha to fully transparent (i.e. 0.0) and fade to fully opaque (i.e. 1.0)
+* ```fade_out``` - Set node alpha to fully opaque (i.e. 1.0) and fade to fully transparent (i.e. 0.0)
 
 Additionally there's functionality to create a full set of transitions for common transition styles:
 
@@ -169,6 +209,7 @@ Additionally there's functionality to create a full set of transitions for commo
 * ```transitions.in_left_out_right(node, duration, [delay], [easing])```
 * ```transitions.in_left_out_left(node, duration, [delay], [easing])```
 * ```transitions.in_right_out_right(node, duration, [delay], [easing])```
+* ```transitions.fade_in_out(node, duration, [delay], [easing])```
 
 **PARAMETERS**
 * ```node``` (node) - Gui node to animate.
@@ -231,7 +272,7 @@ This information can be used to create dynamic transitions where the direction o
 
 
 ## Screen focus gain/loss
-Monarch will send focus gain and focus loss messages if a Focus Url was provided when the screen was created. The focus gained message will contain the id of the previous screen and the focus loss message will contain the id of the next screen. Example:
+Monarch will send focus gain and focus loss messages if a `Focus Url` (proxy) or `Focus Id` (collectionfactory) was provided when the screen was created. The focus gained message will contain the id of the previous screen and the focus loss message will contain the id of the next screen. Example:
 
 	local monarch = require "monarch.monarch"
 
@@ -251,40 +292,72 @@ Both the ```monarch.show()``` and ```monarch.back()``` functions take an optiona
 ## Monarch API
 
 ### monarch.show(screen_id, [options], [data], [callback])
-Show a Monarch screen. Note that the screen must be registered before it can be shown. The ```init()``` function of the ```screen.script``` takes care of registration.
+Show a Monarch screen. Note that the screen must be registered before it can be shown. The ```init()``` function of the ```screen.script``` takes care of registration. This operation will be added to the queue if Monarch is busy.
 
 **PARAMETERS**
-* ```screen_id``` (hash) - Id of the screen to show.
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to show.
 * ```options``` (table) - Options when showing the new screen (see below).
 * ```data``` (table) - Optional data to associate with the screen.  Retrieve using ```monarch.data()```.
 * ```callback``` (function) - Optional function to call when the new screen is visible.
 
 The options table can contain the following fields:
 
-* ```clear``` (boolean) - If the clear flag is set Monarch will search the stack for the screen that is to be shown. If the screen already exists in the stack and the clear flag is set Monarch will remove all screens between the current top and the screen in question.
-* ```reload``` (boolean) - If the reload flag is set Monarch will reload the collection proxy if it's already loaded (this can happen if the previous screen was a popup).
+* ```clear``` (boolean) - If the `clear` flag is set Monarch will search the stack for the screen that is to be shown. If the screen already exists in the stack and the clear flag is set Monarch will remove all screens between the current top and the screen in question.
+* ```reload``` (boolean) - If the `reload` flag is set Monarch will reload the collection proxy if it's already loaded (this can happen if the previous screen was a popup).
+* ```no_stack``` (boolean) - If the `no_stack` flag is set Monarch will load the screen without adding it to the screen stack.
+
+
+### monarch.hide(screen_id, [callback])
+Hide a screen that has been shown using the `no_stack` option. If used on a screen that was shown without the `no_stack` option it will only hide it if the screen is on top of the stack and the behavior will be exactly like if `monarch.back()` had been called. This operation will be added to the queue if Monarch is busy.
+
+**PARAMETERS**
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to hide.
+* ```callback``` (function) - Optional function to call when the screen has been hidden.
 
 **RETURN**
-* ```success``` (boolean) - True if the process of showing the screen was started successfully. False if already busy showing/hiding a screen.
+* ```success``` (boolean) - True if the process of hiding the screen was started successfully.
 
 
 ### monarch.back([data], [callback])
-Go back to a previous Monarch screen
+Go back to a previous Monarch screen. This operation will be added to the queue if Monarch is busy.
 
 **PARAMETERS**
 * ```data``` (table) - Optional data to associate with the screen you are going back to.  Retrieve using ```monarch.data()```.
 * ```callback``` (function) - Optional function to call when the previous screen is visible.
 
-**RETURN**
-* ```success``` (boolean) - True if the process of going back to a previous screen was started successfully. False if already busy showing/hiding a screen.
-
 
 ### monarch.preload(screen_id, [callback])
-Preload a Monarch screen. This will load but not enable the screen. This is useful for content heavy screens that you wish to be able to show without having to wait for it load.
+Preload a Monarch screen. This will load but not enable the screen. This is useful for content heavy screens that you wish to be able to show without having to wait for it load. This operation will be added to the queue if Monarch is busy.
 
 **PARAMETERS**
-* ```screen_id``` (hash) - Id of the screen to preload.
-* ```callback``` (function) - Optional function to call when the new screen is preloaded.
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to preload.
+* ```callback``` (function) - Optional function to call when the screen is preloaded.
+
+
+### monarch.is_preloading(screen_id)
+Check if a Monarch screen is preloading (via monarch.preload() or the Preload screen setting).
+
+**PARAMETERS**
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to check
+
+**RETURN**
+* ```preloading``` (boolean) - True if the screen is preloading.
+
+
+### monarch.when_preloaded(screen_id, callback)
+Invoke a callback when a screen has been preloaded.
+
+**PARAMETERS**
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to check
+* ```callback``` (function) - Function to call when the screen has been preloaded.
+
+
+### monarch.unload(screen_id, [callback])
+Unload a preloaded Monarch screen. A preloaded screen will automatically get unloaded when hidden, but this function can be useful if a screen has been preloaded and it needs to be unloaded again without actually hiding it. This operation will be added to the queue if Monarch is busy.
+
+**PARAMETERS**
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to unload.
+* ```callback``` (function) - Optional function to call when the screen is unloaded.
 
 
 ### monarch.top([offset])
@@ -294,7 +367,7 @@ Get the id of the screen at the top of the stack.
 * ```offset``` (number) - Optional offset from the top of the stack, ie -1 to get the previous screen
 
 **RETURN**
-* ```screen_id``` (hash) - Id of the requested screen
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the requested screen
 
 
 ### monarch.bottom([offset])
@@ -304,14 +377,14 @@ Get the id of the screen at the bottom of the stack.
 * ```offset``` (number) - Optional offset from the bottom of the stack
 
 **RETURN**
-* ```screen_id``` (hash) - Id of the requested screen
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the requested screen
 
 
 ### monarch.data(screen_id)
 Get the data associated with a screen (from a call to ```monarch.show()``` or ```monarch.back()```).
 
 **PARAMETERS**
-* ```screen_id``` (hash) - Id of the screen to get data for
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to get data for
 
 **RETURN**
 * ```data``` (table) - Data associated with the screen.
@@ -321,7 +394,7 @@ Get the data associated with a screen (from a call to ```monarch.show()``` or ``
 Check if a Monarch screen exists.
 
 **PARAMETERS**
-* ```screen_id``` (hash) - Id of the screen to get data for
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to get data for
 
 **RETURN**
 * ```exists``` (boolean) - True if the screen exists.
@@ -334,6 +407,26 @@ Check if Monarch is busy showing and/or hiding a screen.
 * ```busy``` (boolean) - True if busy hiding and/or showing a screen.
 
 
+### monarch.is_top(screen_id)
+Check if a Monarch screen is at the top of the view stack.
+
+**PARAMETERS**
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to check
+
+**RETURN**
+* ```exists``` (boolean) - True if the screen is at the top of the stack.
+
+
+### monarch.is_visible(screen_id)
+Check if a Monarch screen is visible.
+
+**PARAMETERS**
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to check
+
+**RETURN**
+* ```exists``` (boolean) - True if the screen is visible.
+
+
 ### monarch.add_listener([url])
 Add a URL that will be notified of navigation events.
 
@@ -348,20 +441,49 @@ Remove a previously added listener.
 * ```url``` (url) - URL to remove. Will use current URL if omitted.
 
 
+### monarch.post(screen_id, message_id, [message])
+Post a message to a visible screen. If the screen is created through a collection proxy it must have specified a receiver url. If the screen is created through a collection factory the function will post the message to all game objects within the collection.
+
+**PARAMETERS**
+* ```screen_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the screen to post message to
+* ```message_id``` (string|hash) - Id of the message to send
+* ```message``` (table|nil) - Optional message data to send
+
+**RETURN**
+* ```result``` (boolean) - True if the message was sent
+* ```error``` (string|nil) - Error message if unable to send message
+
+
 ### monarch.debug()
 Enable verbose logging of the internals of Monarch.
 
 
-### monarch.SCREEN_VISIBLE
-Message sent to listeners when a screen becomes visible.
+### monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_STARTED
+Message sent to listeners added using `monarch.add_listener()` when a screen has started to transition in.
 
 **PARAMETERS**
 * ```screen``` (hash) - Id of the screen
-* ```previous_screen``` (hash) - Id of theprevious screen (if any)
+* ```previous_screen``` (hash) - Id of the previous screen (if any)
 
 
-### monarch.SCREEN_HIDDEN
-Message sent to listeners when a screen is hidden.
+### monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_FINISHED
+Message sent to listeners added using `monarch.add_listener()` when a screen has finished to transition in.
+
+**PARAMETERS**
+* ```screen``` (hash) - Id of the screen
+* ```previous_screen``` (hash) - Id of the previous screen (if any)
+
+
+### monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_OUT_STARTED
+Message sent to listeners added using `monarch.add_listener()` when a screen has started to transition out.
+
+**PARAMETERS**
+* ```screen``` (hash) - Id of the screen
+* ```next_screen``` (hash) - Id of the next screen (if any)
+
+
+### monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_OUT_FINISHED
+Message sent to listeners added using `monarch.add_listener()` when a screen has finished to transition out.
 
 **PARAMETERS**
 * ```screen``` (hash) - Id of the screen

assets/logo.atlas

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+images {
+  image: "/assets/images/logo.png"
+}
+margin: 0
+extrude_borders: 0
+inner_padding: 0

example/about.gui

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ nodes {
   yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "ok_reload_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: true
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -353,7 +353,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "ok_clear_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: true
   parent: "ok_clearreload_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "ok_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -598,6 +598,12 @@ nodes {
   text_leading: 1.0
   text_tracking: 0.0
 }
+layers {
+  name: "below"
+}
+layers {
+  name: "text"
+}
 material: "/builtins/materials/gui.material"
 adjust_reference: ADJUST_REFERENCE_PARENT
 max_nodes: 512

example/background.collection

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+name: "background"
+scale_along_z: 0
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "go"
+  data: "embedded_components {\n"
+  "  id: \"sprite\"\n"
+  "  type: \"sprite\"\n"
+  "  data: \"tile_set: \\\"/assets/logo.atlas\\\"\\n"
+  "default_animation: \\\"logo\\\"\\n"
+  "material: \\\"/builtins/materials/sprite.material\\\"\\n"
+  "blend_mode: BLEND_MODE_ALPHA\\n"
+  "\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  ""
+  position {
+    x: 320.0
+    y: 568.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}

example/confirm.gui

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ nodes {
   yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "yes_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "no_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -362,6 +362,12 @@ nodes {
   text_leading: 1.0
   text_tracking: 0.0
 }
+layers {
+  name: "below"
+}
+layers {
+  name: "text"
+}
 material: "/builtins/materials/gui.material"
 adjust_reference: ADJUST_REFERENCE_PARENT
 max_nodes: 512

example/confirm.gui_script

@@ -18,9 +18,13 @@ function on_input(self, action_id, action)
 	if action_id == hash("touch") and action.released then
 		if gui.pick_node(self.yes, action.x, action.y) then
 			print("yes")
-			monarch.show(monarch.data(hash("confirm")).next, nil, nil, function()
-				print("next screen show done")
-			end)
+			if monarch.data("confirm").next then
+				monarch.show(monarch.data("confirm").next, nil, nil, function()
+					print("next screen show done")
+				end)
+			else
+				print("no next screen in data")
+			end
 		elseif gui.pick_node(self.no, action.x, action.y) then
 			print("no")
 			monarch.back(function()

example/example.collection

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ scale_along_z: 0
 embedded_instances {
   id: "menu"
   data: "components {\n"
-  "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  id: \"screen_factory\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_factory.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -22,21 +22,21 @@ embedded_instances {
   "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
   "  }\n"
   "  properties {\n"
-  "    id: \"transition_url\"\n"
-  "    value: \"menu:/go#menu\"\n"
-  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_URL\n"
+  "    id: \"transition_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"/go\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
   "  }\n"
   "  properties {\n"
-  "    id: \"focus_url\"\n"
-  "    value: \"menu:/go#menu\"\n"
-  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_URL\n"
+  "    id: \"focus_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"/go\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
   "  }\n"
   "}\n"
   "embedded_components {\n"
-  "  id: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
-  "  type: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
-  "  data: \"collection: \\\"/example/menu.collection\\\"\\n"
-  "exclude: false\\n"
+  "  id: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  type: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  data: \"prototype: \\\"/example/menu.collection\\\"\\n"
+  "load_dynamically: true\\n"
   "\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ embedded_instances {
   id: "pregame"
   data: "components {\n"
   "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ embedded_instances {
   id: "game"
   data: "components {\n"
   "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -244,79 +244,11 @@ embedded_instances {
     z: 1.0
   }
 }
-embedded_instances {
-  id: "popup"
-  data: "components {\n"
-  "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
-  "  position {\n"
-  "    x: 0.0\n"
-  "    y: 0.0\n"
-  "    z: 0.0\n"
-  "  }\n"
-  "  rotation {\n"
-  "    x: 0.0\n"
-  "    y: 0.0\n"
-  "    z: 0.0\n"
-  "    w: 1.0\n"
-  "  }\n"
-  "  properties {\n"
-  "    id: \"screen_id\"\n"
-  "    value: \"popup\"\n"
-  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
-  "  }\n"
-  "  properties {\n"
-  "    id: \"popup\"\n"
-  "    value: \"true\"\n"
-  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
-  "  }\n"
-  "  properties {\n"
-  "    id: \"transition_url\"\n"
-  "    value: \"popup:/go#popup\"\n"
-  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_URL\n"
-  "  }\n"
-  "}\n"
-  "embedded_components {\n"
-  "  id: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
-  "  type: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
-  "  data: \"collection: \\\"/example/popup.collection\\\"\\n"
-  "exclude: false\\n"
-  "\"\n"
-  "  position {\n"
-  "    x: 0.0\n"
-  "    y: 0.0\n"
-  "    z: 0.0\n"
-  "  }\n"
-  "  rotation {\n"
-  "    x: 0.0\n"
-  "    y: 0.0\n"
-  "    z: 0.0\n"
-  "    w: 1.0\n"
-  "  }\n"
-  "}\n"
-  ""
-  position {
-    x: 0.0
-    y: 0.0
-    z: 0.0
-  }
-  rotation {
-    x: 0.0
-    y: 0.0
-    z: 0.0
-    w: 1.0
-  }
-  scale3 {
-    x: 1.0
-    y: 1.0
-    z: 1.0
-  }
-}
 embedded_instances {
   id: "about"
   data: "components {\n"
   "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -339,10 +271,25 @@ embedded_instances {
   "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
   "  }\n"
   "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"popup_on_popup\"\n"
+  "    value: \"true\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
   "    id: \"transition_url\"\n"
   "    value: \"about:/go#about\"\n"
   "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_URL\n"
   "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"focus_url\"\n"
+  "    value: \"about:/go#about\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_URL\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"preload\"\n"
+  "    value: \"true\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
+  "  }\n"
   "}\n"
   "embedded_components {\n"
   "  id: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
@@ -384,7 +331,7 @@ embedded_instances {
   id: "confirm"
   data: "components {\n"
   "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -412,6 +359,11 @@ embedded_instances {
   "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
   "  }\n"
   "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"others_keep_input_focus_when_below_screen\"\n"
+  "    value: \"true\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
   "    id: \"transition_url\"\n"
   "    value: \"confirm:/go#confirm\"\n"
   "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_URL\n"
@@ -453,3 +405,61 @@ embedded_instances {
     z: 1.0
   }
 }
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "background"
+  data: "components {\n"
+  "  id: \"screen_factory\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_factory.script\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"screen_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"background\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  "embedded_components {\n"
+  "  id: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  type: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  data: \"prototype: \\\"/example/background.collection\\\"\\n"
+  "load_dynamically: false\\n"
+  "\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}

example/game.gui

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ nodes {
   yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "win_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -244,6 +244,12 @@ nodes {
   text_leading: 1.0
   text_tracking: 0.0
 }
+layers {
+  name: "below"
+}
+layers {
+  name: "text"
+}
 material: "/builtins/materials/gui.material"
 adjust_reference: ADJUST_REFERENCE_PARENT
 max_nodes: 512

example/main.script

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ end
 
 function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
 	if message_id == hash("init_monarch") then
+		monarch.show(hash("background"), { no_stack = true })
 		monarch.show(hash("menu"))
 	end
 end

example/menu.collection

@@ -35,3 +35,81 @@ embedded_instances {
     z: 1.0
   }
 }
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "popup"
+  data: "components {\n"
+  "  id: \"screen\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_factory.script\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"screen_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"popup\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"popup\"\n"
+  "    value: \"true\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"popup_on_popup\"\n"
+  "    value: \"true\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"transition_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"/go\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"focus_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"/go\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  "embedded_components {\n"
+  "  id: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  type: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  data: \"prototype: \\\"/example/popup.collection\\\"\\n"
+  "load_dynamically: false\\n"
+  "\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}

example/menu.gui

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ nodes {
   yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "startgame_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "about_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "back_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -480,6 +480,67 @@ nodes {
   text_leading: 1.0
   text_tracking: 0.0
 }
+nodes {
+  position {
+    x: 320.0
+    y: 272.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  size {
+    x: 40.0
+    y: 40.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  color {
+    x: 0.6
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  type: TYPE_BOX
+  blend_mode: BLEND_MODE_ALPHA
+  texture: ""
+  id: "spinner"
+  xanchor: XANCHOR_NONE
+  yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
+  pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
+  adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
+  parent: "root"
+  layer: "below"
+  inherit_alpha: true
+  slice9 {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 0.0
+  }
+  clipping_mode: CLIPPING_MODE_NONE
+  clipping_visible: true
+  clipping_inverted: false
+  alpha: 1.0
+  template_node_child: false
+  size_mode: SIZE_MODE_MANUAL
+}
+layers {
+  name: "below"
+}
+layers {
+  name: "text"
+}
 material: "/builtins/materials/gui.material"
 layouts {
   name: "Landscape"
@@ -523,7 +584,7 @@ layouts {
     pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
     adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
     parent: "root"
-    layer: ""
+    layer: "below"
     inherit_alpha: true
     slice9 {
       x: 0.0
@@ -579,7 +640,7 @@ layouts {
     pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
     adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
     parent: "root"
-    layer: ""
+    layer: "below"
     inherit_alpha: true
     slice9 {
       x: 0.0
@@ -635,7 +696,7 @@ layouts {
     pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
     adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
     parent: "root"
-    layer: ""
+    layer: "below"
     inherit_alpha: true
     slice9 {
       x: 0.0
@@ -705,7 +766,7 @@ layouts {
     adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
     line_break: false
     parent: "root"
-    layer: ""
+    layer: "text"
     inherit_alpha: true
     alpha: 1.0
     outline_alpha: 1.0

example/menu.gui_script

@@ -6,7 +6,9 @@ function init(self)
 
 	gui.set_text(gui.get_node("timestamp"), os.date())
 
-	self.transition = transitions.in_right_out_left(gui.get_node("root"), 0.6, 0)
+	gui.animate(gui.get_node("spinner"), gui.PROP_ROTATION, vmath.vector3(0, 0, -360), gui.EASING_INOUTQUAD, 2, 0, nil, gui.PLAYBACK_LOOP_FORWARD)
+
+	self.transition = transitions.fade_in_out(gui.get_node("root"), 0.6, 0)
 end
 
 function on_input(self, action_id, action)
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@ function on_input(self, action_id, action)
 			end)
 		elseif gui.pick_node(gui.get_node("about_button"), action.x, action.y) then
 			monarch.show(hash("about"), nil, nil, function()
-			print("showing about done")
+				print("showing about done")
 			end)
 		elseif gui.pick_node(gui.get_node("back_button"), action.x, action.y) then
 			monarch.back()

example/popup.gui

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ nodes {
   yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "ok_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "cancel_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "about_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -417,6 +417,67 @@ nodes {
   text_leading: 1.0
   text_tracking: 0.0
 }
+nodes {
+  position {
+    x: 184.0
+    y: 136.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  size {
+    x: 10.0
+    y: 10.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  color {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  type: TYPE_BOX
+  blend_mode: BLEND_MODE_ALPHA
+  texture: ""
+  id: "spinner"
+  xanchor: XANCHOR_NONE
+  yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
+  pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
+  adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
+  parent: "root"
+  layer: "below"
+  inherit_alpha: true
+  slice9 {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 0.0
+  }
+  clipping_mode: CLIPPING_MODE_NONE
+  clipping_visible: true
+  clipping_inverted: false
+  alpha: 1.0
+  template_node_child: false
+  size_mode: SIZE_MODE_MANUAL
+}
+layers {
+  name: "below"
+}
+layers {
+  name: "text"
+}
 material: "/builtins/materials/gui.material"
 adjust_reference: ADJUST_REFERENCE_PARENT
 max_nodes: 512

example/popup.gui_script

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ function init(self)
 	self.about = gui.get_node("about_button")
 	gui.set_render_order(14)
 
+	gui.animate(gui.get_node("spinner"), gui.PROP_ROTATION, vmath.vector3(0, 0, -360), gui.EASING_INOUTQUAD, 2, 0, nil, gui.PLAYBACK_LOOP_FORWARD)
+	
 	self.transition = transitions.create(gui.get_node("root"))
 		.show_in(transitions.scale_in, gui.EASING_OUTBACK, 0.3, 0)
 		.show_out(transitions.scale_out, gui.EASING_INBACK, 0.3, 0)

example/pregame.gui

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ nodes {
   yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "play_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ nodes {
   pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   parent: "root"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "below"
   inherit_alpha: true
   slice9 {
     x: 0.0
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ nodes {
   adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
   line_break: false
   parent: "back_button"
-  layer: ""
+  layer: "text"
   inherit_alpha: true
   alpha: 1.0
   outline_alpha: 1.0
@@ -299,6 +299,12 @@ nodes {
   text_leading: 1.0
   text_tracking: 0.0
 }
+layers {
+  name: "below"
+}
+layers {
+  name: "text"
+}
 material: "/builtins/materials/gui.material"
 adjust_reference: ADJUST_REFERENCE_PARENT
 max_nodes: 512

game.project

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 [project]
 title = Monarch
 version = 0.9
-dependencies = https://github.com/britzl/deftest/archive/2.3.0.zip
+dependencies = https://github.com/britzl/deftest/archive/2.7.0.zip
 
 [bootstrap]
 main_collection = /example/example.collectionc

monarch/screen.script

@@ -1,26 +1,31 @@
 local monarch
 
 go.property("screen_proxy", msg.url("#collectionproxy"))
-go.property("screen_id", hash(""))
+go.property("screen_id", hash("UNIQUE ID HERE"))
 go.property("popup", false)
 go.property("popup_on_popup", false)
+go.property("timestep_below_popup", 1)
 go.property("transition_url", msg.url())
 go.property("focus_url", msg.url())
 
 
 function init(self)
+	print("WARNING - screen.script is deprecated. Please use screen_proxy.script")
 	monarch = require "monarch.monarch"
+	local url = msg.url()
 	assert(not self.popup_on_popup or (self.popup_on_popup and self.popup), "Popup on Popups can only be set if the Popup flag is set")
-	monarch.register(
-		self.screen_id,
-		self.screen_proxy,
-		{
-			popup = self.popup,
-			popup_on_popup = self.popup_on_popup,
-			transition_url = self.transition_url,
-			focus_url = self.focus_url
-		}
-	)
+	assert(self.screen_proxy ~= url, "You must specify either a proxy URL")
+	assert(self.timestep_below_popup >= 0, "Timestep must be positive")
+
+	local settings = {
+		popup = self.popup,
+		popup_on_popup = self.popup_on_popup,
+		transition_url = self.transition_url ~= url and self.transition_url or nil,
+		focus_url = self.focus_url ~= url and self.focus_url or nil,
+		timestep_below_popup = self.timestep_below_popup,
+	}
+
+	monarch.register_proxy(self.screen_id, self.screen_proxy, settings)
 end
 
 function final(self)
@@ -34,11 +39,6 @@ function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
 		monarch.back()
 	elseif message_id == hash("back") then
 		monarch.back()
-	elseif message_id == monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_IN
-		or message_id == monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_OUT
-		or message_id == monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_IN
-		or message_id == monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_OUT then
-			msg.post(sender, monarch.TRANSITION.DONE)
 	else
 		monarch.on_message(message_id, message, sender)
 	end

monarch/screen_factory.script

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+local monarch
+
+go.property("screen_factory", msg.url("#collectionfactory"))
+go.property("screen_id", hash("UNIQUE ID HERE"))
+go.property("popup", false)
+go.property("popup_on_popup", false)
+go.property("screen_keeps_input_focus_when_below_popup", false)
+go.property("others_keep_input_focus_when_below_screen", false)
+go.property("transition_id", hash(""))
+go.property("focus_id", hash(""))
+go.property("preload", false)
+
+
+function init(self)
+	monarch = require "monarch.monarch"
+	assert(not self.popup_on_popup or (self.popup_on_popup and self.popup), "Popup on Popups can only be set if the Popup flag is set")
+	assert(self.screen_factory ~= msg.url(), "You must specify either a factory URL")
+	
+	local settings = {
+		popup = self.popup,
+		popup_on_popup = self.popup_on_popup,
+		screen_keeps_input_focus_when_below_popup = self.screen_keeps_input_focus_when_below_popup,
+		others_keep_input_focus_when_below_screen = self.others_keep_input_focus_when_below_screen,
+		transition_id = self.transition_id,
+		focus_id = self.focus_id,
+		auto_preload = self.preload,
+	}
+	monarch.register_factory(self.screen_id, self.screen_factory, settings)
+end
+
+function final(self)
+	monarch.unregister(self.screen_id)
+end
+
+function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
+	if message_id == hash("show") then
+		monarch.show(self.screen_id, { clear = message.clear })
+	elseif message_id == hash("hide") then
+		monarch.back()
+	elseif message_id == hash("back") then
+		monarch.back()
+	else
+		monarch.on_message(message_id, message, sender)
+	end
+end

monarch/screen_proxy.script

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+local monarch
+
+go.property("screen_proxy", msg.url("#collectionproxy"))
+go.property("screen_id", hash("UNIQUE ID HERE"))
+go.property("popup", false)
+go.property("popup_on_popup", false)
+go.property("timestep_below_popup", 1)
+go.property("screen_keeps_input_focus_when_below_popup", false)
+go.property("others_keep_input_focus_when_below_screen", false)
+go.property("transition_url", msg.url())
+go.property("focus_url", msg.url())
+go.property("receiver_url", msg.url())
+go.property("preload", false)
+
+
+function init(self)
+	monarch = require "monarch.monarch"
+	local url = msg.url()
+	assert(not self.popup_on_popup or (self.popup_on_popup and self.popup), "Popup on Popups can only be set if the Popup flag is set")
+	assert(self.screen_proxy ~= url, "You must specify either a proxy URL")
+	assert(self.timestep_below_popup >= 0, "Timestep must be positive")
+	
+	local settings = {
+		popup = self.popup,
+		popup_on_popup = self.popup_on_popup,
+		transition_url = self.transition_url ~= url and self.transition_url or nil,
+		focus_url = self.focus_url ~= url and self.focus_url or nil,
+		receiver_url = self.receiver_url ~= url and self.receiver_url or nil,
+		timestep_below_popup = self.timestep_below_popup,
+		screen_keeps_input_focus_when_below_popup = self.screen_keeps_input_focus_when_below_popup,
+		others_keep_input_focus_when_below_screen = self.others_keep_input_focus_when_below_screen,
+		auto_preload = self.preload,
+	}
+
+	monarch.register_proxy(self.screen_id, self.screen_proxy, settings)
+end
+
+function final(self)
+	monarch.unregister(self.screen_id)
+end
+
+function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
+	if message_id == hash("show") then
+		monarch.show(self.screen_id, { clear = message.clear })
+	elseif message_id == hash("hide") then
+		monarch.back()
+	elseif message_id == hash("back") then
+		monarch.back()
+	else
+		monarch.on_message(message_id, message, sender)
+	end
+end

monarch/transitions/gui.lua

@@ -88,114 +88,192 @@ function M.scale_out(node, from, easing, duration, delay, cb)
 	gui.animate(node, gui.PROP_SCALE, ZERO_SCALE, easing, duration, delay, cb)
 end
 
---- Create a transition for a node
--- @return Transition instance
-function M.create(node)
-	assert(node, "You must provide a node")
+function M.fade_out(node, from, easing, duration, delay, cb)
+	local to = gui.get_color(node)
+	to.w = 1
+	gui.set_color(node, to)
+	to.w = 0
+	gui.animate(node, gui.PROP_COLOR, to, easing, duration, delay, cb)
+end
 
+function M.fade_in(node, from, easing, duration, delay, cb)
+	local to = gui.get_color(node)
+	to.w = 0
+	gui.set_color(node, to)
+	to.w = 1
+	gui.animate(node, gui.PROP_COLOR, to, easing, duration, delay, cb)
+end
+
+
+
+--- Create a transition
+-- @return Transition instance
+local function create()
 	local instance = {}
 
-	local transitions = {}
+	local transitions = {
+		[monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_IN] = { urls = {}, transitions = {}, in_progress_count = 0, },
+		[monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_OUT] = { urls = {}, transitions = {}, in_progress_count = 0, },
+		[monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_IN] = { urls = {}, transitions = {}, in_progress_count = 0, },
+		[monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_OUT] = { urls = {}, transitions = {}, in_progress_count = 0, },
+	}
 
 	local current_transition = nil
-	
-	local initial_data = {}
-	initial_data.pos = gui.get_position(node)
-	initial_data.scale = gui.get_scale(node)
 
-	local function create_transition(fn, easing, duration, delay)
-		return {
+	local function create_transition(transition_id, node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
+		local t = transitions[transition_id]
+		-- find if there's already a transition for the node in
+		-- question and if so update it instead of creating a new
+		-- transition
+		for _,transition in ipairs(t) do
+			if transition.node == node then
+				transition.fn = fn
+				transition.easing = easing
+				transition.duration = duration
+				transitions.delay = delay
+				return
+			end
+		end
+		-- create new transition
+		t.transitions[#t.transitions + 1] = {
+			node = node,
+			node_data = {
+				pos = gui.get_position(node),
+				scale = gui.get_scale(node),
+			},
 			fn = fn,
 			easing = easing,
 			duration = duration,
 			delay = delay,
-			in_progress = false,
-			urls = {},
-			id = nil
+			id = transition_id
 		}
 	end
 
-	local function finish_transition(transition)
-		transition.in_progress = false
-		local message = { transition = transition.id }
-		while #transition.urls > 0 do
-			local url = table.remove(transition.urls)
-			msg.post(url, monarch.TRANSITION.DONE, message)
+	local function finish_transition(transition_id)
+		local t = transitions[transition_id]
+		if #t.urls > 0 then
+			local message = { transition = transition_id }
+			while #t.urls > 0 do
+				local url = table.remove(t.urls)
+				msg.post(url, monarch.TRANSITION.DONE, message)
+			end
+		end
+		current_transition = nil
+	end
+
+	local function check_and_finish_transition(transition_id)
+		local t = transitions[transition_id]
+		if t.in_progress_count == 0 then
+			finish_transition(transition_id)
 		end
 	end
 
-	local function start_transition(transition, transition_id, url)
-		table.insert(transition.urls, url)
-		if not transition.in_progress then
-			table.insert(transition.urls, msg.url())
-			transition.in_progress = true
-			transition.id = transition_id
-			current_transition = transition
-			transition.fn(node, initial_data, transition.easing, transition.duration, transition.delay or 0, function()
-				finish_transition(transition)
-			end)
+	local function start_transition(transition_id, url)
+		local t = transitions[transition_id]
+		table.insert(t.urls, url)
+		if t.in_progress_count == 0 then
+			table.insert(t.urls, msg.url())
+			current_transition = t
+			if #t.transitions > 0 then
+				for i=1,#t.transitions do
+					local transition = t.transitions[i]
+					t.in_progress_count = t.in_progress_count + 1
+					transition.fn(transition.node, transition.node_data, transition.easing, transition.duration, transition.delay or 0, function()
+						t.in_progress_count = t.in_progress_count - 1
+						check_and_finish_transition(transition_id)
+					end)
+				end
+			else
+				check_and_finish_transition(transition_id)
+			end
 		end
 	end
 
 	-- Forward on_message calls here
 	function instance.handle(message_id, message, sender)
 		if message_id == LAYOUT_CHANGED then
-			initial_data.pos = gui.get_position(node)
+			for _,t in pairs(transitions) do
+				for _,transitions in pairs(t.transitions) do
+					transitions.node_data.pos = gui.get_position(transitions.node)
+				end
+			end
 			-- replay the current transition if the layout changes
 			-- this will ensure that things are still hidden if they
 			-- were transitioned out
 			if current_transition then
-				current_transition.fn(node, initial_data, current_transition.easing, 0, 0)
-				if current_transition.in_progress then
-					finish_transition(current_transition)
+				for _,transition in pairs(current_transition.transitions) do
+					local node = transition.node
+					transition.fn(transition.node, transition.node_data, transition.easing, 0, 0)
+				end
+				if current_transition.in_progress_count > 0 then
+					finish_transition(message_id)
 				end
 			end
-		else
-			local transition = transitions[message_id]
-			if transition then
-				start_transition(transition, message_id, sender)
-			end
+		elseif message_id == monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_IN
+		or message_id == monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_OUT
+		or message_id == monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_IN
+		or message_id == monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_OUT then
+			start_transition(message_id, sender)
 		end
 	end
-	
+
 	-- Specify the transition function when this node is transitioned
 	-- to
 	-- @param fn Transition function (see slide_in_left and other above)
 	-- @param easing Easing function to use
 	-- @param duration Transition duration
 	-- @param delay Transition delay
-	function instance.show_in(fn, easing, duration, delay)
-		transitions[monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_IN] = create_transition(fn, easing, duration, delay)
+	function instance.show_in(node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
+		create_transition(monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_IN, node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
 		return instance
 	end
 
 	-- Specify the transition function when this node is transitioned
 	-- from when showing another screen
-	function instance.show_out(fn, easing, duration, delay)
-		transitions[monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_OUT] = create_transition(fn, easing, duration, delay)
+	function instance.show_out(node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
+		create_transition(monarch.TRANSITION.SHOW_OUT, node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
 		return instance
 	end
 
 	--- Specify the transition function when this node is transitioned
 	-- to when navigating back in the screen stack
-	function instance.back_in(fn, easing, duration, delay)
-		transitions[monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_IN] = create_transition(fn, easing, duration, delay)
+	function instance.back_in(node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
+		create_transition(monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_IN, node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
 		return instance
 	end
 
 	--- Specify the transition function when this node is transitioned
 	-- from when navigating back in the screen stack
-	function instance.back_out(fn, easing, duration, delay)
-		transitions[monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_OUT] = create_transition(fn, easing, duration, delay)
+	function instance.back_out(node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
+		create_transition(monarch.TRANSITION.BACK_OUT, node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
 		return instance
 	end
 
-	-- set default transitions (instant)
-	instance.show_in(M.instant)
-	instance.show_out(M.instant)
-	instance.back_in(M.instant)
-	instance.back_out(M.instant)
-	
+	return instance
+end
+
+function M.create(node)
+	local instance = create()
+	-- backward compatibility with the old version of create
+	-- where a single node was used
+	if node then
+		local show_in = instance.show_in
+		local show_out = instance.show_out
+		local back_in = instance.back_in
+		local back_out = instance.back_out
+		instance.show_in = function(fn, easing, duration, delay)
+			return show_in(node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
+		end
+		instance.show_out = function(fn, easing, duration, delay)
+			return show_out(node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
+		end
+		instance.back_in = function(fn, easing, duration, delay)
+			return back_in(node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
+		end
+		instance.back_out = function(fn, easing, duration, delay)
+			return back_out(node, fn, easing, duration, delay)
+		end
+	end
 	return instance
 end
 
@@ -255,4 +333,16 @@ function M.in_left_out_left(node, duration, delay, easing)
 end
 
 
+function M.fade_in_out(node, duration, delay, easing)
+	assert(node, "You must provide a node")
+	assert(duration, "You must provide a duration")
+	easing = easing or easings.QUAD()
+	return M.create(node)
+	.show_in(M.fade_in, easing.OUT, duration, delay or 0)
+	.show_out(M.fade_out, easing.IN, duration, delay or 0)
+	.back_in(M.fade_in, easing.OUT, duration, delay or 0)
+	.back_out(M.fade_out, easing.IN, duration, delay or 0)
+end
+
+
 return M

monarch/utils/callback_tracker.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+local M = {}
+
+
+function M.create()
+	local instance = {}
+
+	local callback = nil
+	local callback_count = 0
+
+	local function invoke_if_done()
+		if callback_count == 0 and callback then
+			local ok, err = pcall(callback)
+			if not ok then print(err) end
+		end
+	end
+
+	--- Create a callback function and track when it is done
+	-- @return Callback function
+	function instance.track()
+		callback_count = callback_count + 1
+		local done = false
+		return function()
+			if done then
+				return false, "The callback has already been invoked once"
+			end
+			done = true
+			callback_count = callback_count - 1
+			invoke_if_done()
+			return true
+		end
+	end
+
+	--- Call a function when all callbacks have been triggered
+	-- @param cb Function to call when all 
+	function instance.when_done(cb)
+		callback = cb
+		invoke_if_done()
+	end
+
+	return instance
+end
+
+
+return setmetatable(M, {
+	__call = function(_, ...)
+		return M.create(...)
+	end
+})

test/cowait.lua

@@ -1,38 +1,25 @@
 local M = {}
 
-
-local instances = {}
-
-local function create(fn)
-	local instance = {
-		co = coroutine.running(),
-		fn = fn,
-	}
-	table.insert(instances, instance)
-	coroutine.yield(instance.co)
-end
-
-	
-
 function M.seconds(amount)
-	local time = socket.gettime() + amount
-	create(function()
-		return socket.gettime() >= time
+	local co = coroutine.running()
+	assert(co, "You must run this from within a coroutine")
+	timer.delay(amount, false, function()
+		coroutine.resume(co)
 	end)
+	coroutine.yield()
 end
 
-
-function M.eval(fn)
-	create(fn)
-end
-
-function M.update()
-	for k,instance in pairs(instances) do
-		if instance.fn() then
-			instances[k] = nil
-			coroutine.resume(instance.co)
+function M.eval(fn, timeout)
+	local co = coroutine.running()
+	assert(co, "You must run this from within a coroutine")
+	local start = socket.gettime()
+	timer.delay(0.01, true, function(self, handle, time_elapsed)
+		if fn() or (timeout and socket.gettime() > (start + timeout)) then
+			timer.cancel(handle)
+			coroutine.resume(co)
 		end
-	end
+	end)
+	coroutine.yield()
 end
 
 return setmetatable(M, {

test/cowait.script

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-local cowait = require "test.cowait"
-
-function update(self, dt)
-	cowait.update()
-end

test/data/background.collection

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: "default"
+scale_along_z: 0
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "go"
+  data: ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}

test/data/child.collection

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: "child"
+scale_along_z: 0
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "go"
+  data: ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}

test/data/focus1.collection

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: "focus1"
+scale_along_z: 0
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "go"
+  data: "components {\n"
+  "  id: \"focus1\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/test/data/focus1.gui\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}

test/data/focus1.gui

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+script: "/test/data/focus1.gui_script"
+fonts {
+  name: "example"
+  font: "/assets/example.font"
+}
+background_color {
+  x: 0.0
+  y: 0.0
+  z: 0.0
+  w: 0.0
+}
+nodes {
+  position {
+    x: 320.0
+    y: 568.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  size {
+    x: 200.0
+    y: 100.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  color {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  type: TYPE_BOX
+  blend_mode: BLEND_MODE_ALPHA
+  texture: ""
+  id: "box"
+  xanchor: XANCHOR_NONE
+  yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
+  pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
+  adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
+  layer: ""
+  inherit_alpha: true
+  slice9 {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 0.0
+  }
+  clipping_mode: CLIPPING_MODE_NONE
+  clipping_visible: true
+  clipping_inverted: false
+  alpha: 1.0
+  template_node_child: false
+  size_mode: SIZE_MODE_AUTO
+}
+nodes {
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  size {
+    x: 200.0
+    y: 100.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  color {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  type: TYPE_TEXT
+  blend_mode: BLEND_MODE_ALPHA
+  text: "1"
+  font: "example"
+  id: "text"
+  xanchor: XANCHOR_NONE
+  yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
+  pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
+  outline {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  shadow {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
+  line_break: false
+  parent: "box"
+  layer: ""
+  inherit_alpha: true
+  alpha: 1.0
+  outline_alpha: 1.0
+  shadow_alpha: 1.0
+  template_node_child: false
+  text_leading: 1.0
+  text_tracking: 0.0
+}
+material: "/builtins/materials/gui.material"
+adjust_reference: ADJUST_REFERENCE_PARENT
+max_nodes: 512

test/data/focus1.gui_script

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+local monarch = require "monarch.monarch"
+
+function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
+	if message_id == monarch.FOCUS.GAINED then
+		_G.focus1_gained = true
+	elseif message_id == monarch.FOCUS.LOST then
+		_G.focus1_lost = true
+	end
+end

test/data/screen1.gui

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ nodes {
   }
   type: TYPE_TEXT
   blend_mode: BLEND_MODE_ALPHA
-  text: "1"
+  text: "FOCUS 1"
   font: "example"
   id: "text"
   xanchor: XANCHOR_NONE

test/data/screen1.gui_script

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ function final(self)
 end
 
 function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
-	-- Add message-handling code here
-	-- Remove this function if not needed
+	if message_id == hash("foobar") then
+		_G.screen1_foobar = message or true
+	end
 end

test/data/screen2.collection

@@ -35,3 +35,66 @@ embedded_instances {
     z: 1.0
   }
 }
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "child"
+  data: "components {\n"
+  "  id: \"screen_proxy\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"screen_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"child\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"popup\"\n"
+  "    value: \"true\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  "embedded_components {\n"
+  "  id: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
+  "  type: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
+  "  data: \"collection: \\\"/test/data/child.collection\\\"\\n"
+  "exclude: false\\n"
+  "\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}

test/data/screen2.gui_script

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ function final(self)
 end
 
 function on_message(self, message_id, message, sender)
-	-- Add message-handling code here
-	-- Remove this function if not needed
+	if message_id == hash("foobar") then
+		_G.screen2_foobar = message or true
+	end
 end

test/data/screen_preload.collection

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+name: "screen_preload"
+scale_along_z: 0
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "go"
+  data: "components {\n"
+  "  id: \"screen_preload\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/test/data/screen_preload.gui\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}

test/data/screen_preload.gui

@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+script: "/test/data/screen_preload.gui_script"
+fonts {
+  name: "example"
+  font: "/assets/example.font"
+}
+background_color {
+  x: 0.0
+  y: 0.0
+  z: 0.0
+  w: 0.0
+}
+nodes {
+  position {
+    x: 320.0
+    y: 697.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  size {
+    x: 200.0
+    y: 100.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  color {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  type: TYPE_BOX
+  blend_mode: BLEND_MODE_ALPHA
+  texture: ""
+  id: "box"
+  xanchor: XANCHOR_NONE
+  yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
+  pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
+  adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
+  layer: ""
+  inherit_alpha: true
+  slice9 {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 0.0
+  }
+  clipping_mode: CLIPPING_MODE_NONE
+  clipping_visible: true
+  clipping_inverted: false
+  alpha: 1.0
+  template_node_child: false
+  size_mode: SIZE_MODE_AUTO
+}
+nodes {
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  size {
+    x: 200.0
+    y: 100.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  color {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  type: TYPE_TEXT
+  blend_mode: BLEND_MODE_ALPHA
+  text: "PRELOAD"
+  font: "example"
+  id: "text"
+  xanchor: XANCHOR_NONE
+  yanchor: YANCHOR_NONE
+  pivot: PIVOT_CENTER
+  outline {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  shadow {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  adjust_mode: ADJUST_MODE_FIT
+  line_break: false
+  parent: "box"
+  layer: ""
+  inherit_alpha: true
+  alpha: 1.0
+  outline_alpha: 1.0
+  shadow_alpha: 1.0
+  template_node_child: false
+  text_leading: 1.0
+  text_tracking: 0.0
+}
+material: "/builtins/materials/gui.material"
+adjust_reference: ADJUST_REFERENCE_PARENT
+max_nodes: 512

test/data/screen_preload.gui_script

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+function init(self)
+	local monarch = require "monarch.monarch"
+	local data = monarch.data(hash("screen_preload"))
+	data.count = data.count + 1
+end

test/data/screens.collection

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ embedded_instances {
   id: "screen1"
   data: "components {\n"
   "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -21,6 +21,11 @@ embedded_instances {
   "    value: \"screen1\"\n"
   "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
   "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"receiver_url\"\n"
+  "    value: \"screen1:/go\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_URL\n"
+  "  }\n"
   "}\n"
   "embedded_components {\n"
   "  id: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ embedded_instances {
   id: "screen2"
   data: "components {\n"
   "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_factory.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -81,10 +86,10 @@ embedded_instances {
   "  }\n"
   "}\n"
   "embedded_components {\n"
-  "  id: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
-  "  type: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
-  "  data: \"collection: \\\"/test/data/screen2.collection\\\"\\n"
-  "exclude: false\\n"
+  "  id: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  type: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  data: \"prototype: \\\"/test/data/screen2.collection\\\"\\n"
+  "load_dynamically: false\\n"
   "\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
@@ -120,7 +125,7 @@ embedded_instances {
   id: "popup1"
   data: "components {\n"
   "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -142,11 +147,6 @@ embedded_instances {
   "    value: \"true\"\n"
   "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
   "  }\n"
-  "  properties {\n"
-  "    id: \"popup_on_popup\"\n"
-  "    value: \"false\"\n"
-  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
-  "  }\n"
   "}\n"
   "embedded_components {\n"
   "  id: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ embedded_instances {
   id: "popup2"
   data: "components {\n"
   "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ embedded_instances {
   id: "transition1"
   data: "components {\n"
   "  id: \"screen\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/monarch/screen.script\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
   "  position {\n"
   "    x: 0.0\n"
   "    y: 0.0\n"
@@ -355,3 +355,187 @@ embedded_instances {
     z: 1.0
   }
 }
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "background"
+  data: "components {\n"
+  "  id: \"screen_factory\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_factory.script\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"screen_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"background\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  "embedded_components {\n"
+  "  id: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  type: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  data: \"prototype: \\\"/test/data/background.collection\\\"\\n"
+  "load_dynamically: false\\n"
+  "\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "screen_preload"
+  data: "components {\n"
+  "  id: \"screen\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_factory.script\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"screen_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"screen_preload\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"preload\"\n"
+  "    value: \"true\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_BOOLEAN\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  "embedded_components {\n"
+  "  id: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  type: \"collectionfactory\"\n"
+  "  data: \"prototype: \\\"/test/data/screen_preload.collection\\\"\\n"
+  "load_dynamically: false\\n"
+  "\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}
+embedded_instances {
+  id: "focus1"
+  data: "components {\n"
+  "  id: \"screen_proxy\"\n"
+  "  component: \"/monarch/screen_proxy.script\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"screen_id\"\n"
+  "    value: \"focus1\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_HASH\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  properties {\n"
+  "    id: \"focus_url\"\n"
+  "    value: \"focus1:/go#focus1\"\n"
+  "    type: PROPERTY_TYPE_URL\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  "embedded_components {\n"
+  "  id: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
+  "  type: \"collectionproxy\"\n"
+  "  data: \"collection: \\\"/test/data/focus1.collection\\\"\\n"
+  "exclude: false\\n"
+  "\"\n"
+  "  position {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "  rotation {\n"
+  "    x: 0.0\n"
+  "    y: 0.0\n"
+  "    z: 0.0\n"
+  "    w: 1.0\n"
+  "  }\n"
+  "}\n"
+  ""
+  position {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+  }
+  rotation {
+    x: 0.0
+    y: 0.0
+    z: 0.0
+    w: 1.0
+  }
+  scale3 {
+    x: 1.0
+    y: 1.0
+    z: 1.0
+  }
+}

test/test.collection

@@ -17,21 +17,6 @@ embedded_instances {
   "    w: 1.0\n"
   "  }\n"
   "}\n"
-  "components {\n"
-  "  id: \"cowait\"\n"
-  "  component: \"/test/cowait.script\"\n"
-  "  position {\n"
-  "    x: 0.0\n"
-  "    y: 0.0\n"
-  "    z: 0.0\n"
-  "  }\n"
-  "  rotation {\n"
-  "    x: 0.0\n"
-  "    y: 0.0\n"
-  "    z: 0.0\n"
-  "    w: 1.0\n"
-  "  }\n"
-  "}\n"
   "embedded_components {\n"
   "  id: \"screensfactory\"\n"
   "  type: \"collectionfactory\"\n"

test/test.script

@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
 local deftest = require "deftest.deftest"
 
 local test_monarch = require "test.test_monarch"
+local test_callback_tracker = require "test.test_callback_tracker"
 
 
 function init(self)
 	deftest.add(test_monarch)
-	deftest.run()
+	deftest.add(test_callback_tracker)
+	deftest.run({ 
+		coverage = { enabled = true },
+		pattern = "",
+	})
 end

test/test_callback_tracker.lua

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+local unload = require "deftest.util.unload"
+local cowat = require "test.cowait"
+local callback_tracker = require "monarch.utils.callback_tracker"
+
+return function()
+
+	describe("callback tracker", function()
+		before(function()
+			callback_tracker = require "monarch.utils.callback_tracker"
+		end)
+
+		after(function()
+			unload.unload("monarch%..*")
+		end)
+
+
+		it("should be able to tell when all callbacks are done", function()
+			local tracker = callback_tracker.create()
+			local t1 = tracker.track()
+			local t2 = tracker.track()
+
+			local done = false
+			tracker.when_done(function() done = true end)
+			
+			assert(not done, "It should not be done yet - No callback has completed")
+			t1()
+			assert(not done, "It should not be done yet - Only one callback has completed")
+			t2()
+			assert(done, "It should be done now - All callbacks have completed")
+		end)
+
+		it("should indicate if a tracked callback has been invoked more than once", function()
+			local tracker = callback_tracker.create()
+			local t = tracker.track()
+			local ok, err = t()
+			assert(ok == true and err == nil, "It should return true when successful")
+			ok, err = t()
+			assert(ok == false and err, "It should return false and a message when invoked multiple times")
+		end)
+
+		it("should not be possible to track the same callback more than one time", function()
+			local tracker = callback_tracker.create()
+			local t1 = tracker.track()
+			local t2 = tracker.track()
+
+			local done = false
+			tracker.when_done(function() done = true end)
+
+			assert(not done, "It should not be done yet - No callback has completed")
+			t1()
+			t1()
+			assert(not done, "It should not be done yet - Even if one callback has been invoked twice")
+			t2()
+			assert(done, "It should be done now - All callbacks have completed")
+		end)
+
+		it("should handle when callbacks are done before calling when_done()", function()
+			local tracker = callback_tracker.create()
+			local t1 = tracker.track()
+			local t2 = tracker.track()
+			t1()
+			t2()
+
+			local done = false
+			tracker.when_done(function() done = true end)
+			assert(done, "It should be done now - All callbacks have completed")
+		end)
+	end)
+end

test/test_monarch.lua

@@ -6,63 +6,97 @@ local monarch = require "monarch.monarch"
 local SCREEN1_STR = hash("screen1")
 local SCREEN1 = hash(SCREEN1_STR)
 local SCREEN2 = hash("screen2")
+local CHILD = hash("child")
+local SCREEN_PRELOAD = hash("screen_preload")
+local FOCUS1 = hash("focus1")
+local BACKGROUND = hash("background")
 local POPUP1 = hash("popup1")
 local POPUP2 = hash("popup2")
 local FOOBAR = hash("foobar")
 local TRANSITION1 = hash("transition1")
 
+local function check_stack(expected_screens)
+	local actual_screens = monarch.get_stack()
+	if #actual_screens ~= #expected_screens then
+		return false, "Stack length mismatch"
+	end
+	for i=1,#actual_screens do
+		if actual_screens[i] ~= expected_screens[i] then
+			return false, "Stack content not matching"
+		end
+	end
+	return true
+end
+
+local telescope = require "deftest.telescope"
+telescope.make_assertion(
+	"stack",
+	function(_, ...) return telescope.assertion_message_prefix .. "stack to match" end,
+	function(expected_screens) return check_stack(expected_screens) end
+)
+
 return function()
 
 	local screens_instances = {}
 
 	local function is_shown(screen_id)
-		return monarch.is_top(screen_id)
+		return monarch.is_visible(screen_id)
 	end
 
 	local function is_hidden(screen_id)
-		return not monarch.is_top(screen_id)
+		return not monarch.is_visible(screen_id)
+	end
+
+	local function is_preloading(screen_id)
+		return monarch.is_preloading(screen_id)
 	end
 
 	local function wait_timeout(fn, ...)
 		local args = { ... }
-		local time = socket.gettime()
-		cowait(function()
-			return fn(unpack(args)) or socket.gettime() > time + 5	
-		end)
+		cowait(function() return fn(unpack(args)) end, 5)
 		return fn(...)
 	end
-		
+
+	local function wait_until_done(fn)
+		local done = false
+		fn(function() done = true end)
+		wait_timeout(function() return done end)
+	end
+	local function wait_until_visible(screen_id)
+		return wait_timeout(is_visible, screen_id)
+	end
 	local function wait_until_shown(screen_id)
 		return wait_timeout(is_shown, screen_id)
 	end
 	local function wait_until_hidden(screen_id)
 		return wait_timeout(is_hidden, screen_id)
 	end
+	local function wait_until_preloading(screen_id)
+		return wait_timeout(is_preloading, screen_id)
+	end
 	local function wait_until_not_busy()
 		return wait_timeout(function() return not monarch.is_busy() end)
 	end
-
-	local function assert_stack(expected_screens)
-		local actual_screens = monarch.get_stack()
-		if #actual_screens ~= #expected_screens then
-			error("Stack length mismatch", 2)
-		end
-		for i=1,#actual_screens do
-			if actual_screens[i] ~= expected_screens[i] then
-				error("Stack content not matching", 2)
-			end
-		end
+	local function wait_until_loaded(screen_id)
+		wait_until_done(function(done)
+			monarch.when_preloaded(screen_id, done)
+		end)
 	end
-
-	
+		
 	describe("monarch", function()
 		before(function()
 			mock_msg.mock()
 			monarch = require "monarch.monarch"
 			screens_instances = collectionfactory.create("#screensfactory")
+			monarch.debug()
 		end)
 
 		after(function()
+			print("[TEST] done")
+			while #monarch.get_stack() > 0 do
+				monarch.back()
+				wait_until_not_busy()
+			end
 			mock_msg.unmock()
 			unload.unload("monarch%..*")
 			for id,instance_id in pairs(screens_instances) do
@@ -99,8 +133,66 @@ return function()
 			assert_stack({ })
 		end)
 
+		it("should be able to tell if a screen is visible or not", function()
+			assert(not monarch.is_visible(SCREEN1))
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
+			assert_stack({ SCREEN1 })
+			assert(monarch.is_visible(SCREEN1))
+			
+			monarch.show(SCREEN2)
+			assert(wait_until_hidden(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never hidden")
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN2), "Screen2 was never shown")
+			assert_stack({ SCREEN1, SCREEN2 })
+			assert(not monarch.is_visible(SCREEN1))
+			assert(monarch.is_visible(SCREEN2))
+			
+			monarch.show(POPUP1)
+			assert(wait_until_shown(POPUP1), "Popup1 was never shown")
+			assert_stack({ SCREEN1, SCREEN2, POPUP1 })
+			assert(not monarch.is_visible(SCREEN1))
+			assert(monarch.is_visible(SCREEN2))
+			assert(monarch.is_visible(POPUP1))
+		end)
 
-		it("should be able to pass data to a screen when showning it or going back to it", function()
+		it("should be able to show a screen without adding it to the stack", function()
+			monarch.show(BACKGROUND, { no_stack = true })
+			assert(wait_until_shown(BACKGROUND), "Background was never shown")
+			assert_stack({ })
+
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
+			assert_stack({ SCREEN1 })
+		end)
+
+		it("should be able to hide a screen not added to the stack", function()
+			monarch.show(BACKGROUND, { no_stack = true })
+			assert(wait_until_shown(BACKGROUND), "Background was never shown")
+			assert_stack({ })
+
+			monarch.hide(BACKGROUND)
+			assert(wait_until_hidden(BACKGROUND), "Background was never hidden")
+			assert_stack({ })
+		end)
+
+		it("should be able to hide the top screen", function()
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
+			assert_stack({ SCREEN1 })
+
+			monarch.show(SCREEN2)
+			assert(wait_until_hidden(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never hidden")
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN2), "Screen2 was never shown")
+			assert_stack({ SCREEN1, SCREEN2 })
+
+			assert(monarch.hide(SCREEN1) == false)
+			assert(monarch.hide(SCREEN2) == true)
+			assert(wait_until_hidden(SCREEN2), "Screen2 was never hidden")
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
+			assert_stack({ SCREEN1 })
+		end)
+
+		it("should be able to pass data to a screen when showing it or going back to it", function()
 			local data1 = { foo = "bar" }
 			monarch.show(SCREEN1, nil, data1)
 			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
@@ -114,7 +206,7 @@ return function()
 
 			local data_back = { going = "back" }
 			monarch.back(data_back)
-			assert_stack({ SCREEN1 })
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1))
 
 			assert(monarch.data(SCREEN1) == data_back, "Expected data on screen1 doesn't match actual data")
 		end)
@@ -143,7 +235,7 @@ return function()
 		end)
 		
 
-		it("should be able to show one popup on top of another the Popup On Popup flag is set", function()
+		it("should be able to show one popup on top of another if the Popup On Popup flag is set", function()
 			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
 			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
 			assert_stack({ SCREEN1 })
@@ -155,23 +247,32 @@ return function()
 			assert_stack({ SCREEN1, POPUP1, POPUP2 })
 		end)
 
-		
-		it("should prevent further operations while hiding/showing a screen", function()
-			assert(monarch.show(SCREEN1) == true)
-			assert(monarch.show(SCREEN2) == false)
-			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
-			assert_stack({ SCREEN1 })
 
-			assert(monarch.show(SCREEN2) == true)
+		it("should prevent further operations while hiding/showing a screen", function()
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			monarch.show(SCREEN2)
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
 			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN2), "Screen2 was never shown")
 			assert_stack({ SCREEN1, SCREEN2 })
 
-			assert(monarch.back() == true)
-			assert(monarch.back() == false)
-			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
-			assert_stack({ SCREEN1 })
+			assert(monarch.back())
+			assert(monarch.back())
+			assert(wait_until_hidden(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never hidden")
+			assert(wait_until_hidden(SCREEN2), "Screen2 was never hidden")
 		end)
-		
+
+
+		it("should not perform further operations if an operation fails", function()
+			monarch.show(SCREEN2) -- SCREEN2 contains CHILD
+			wait_until_not_busy()
+			assert_stack({ SCREEN2 })
+			monarch.back() -- this will unload SCREEN2 and CHILD
+			monarch.show(CHILD) -- this will fail since CHILD has been unloaded
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1) -- this should be ignored
+			wait_until_not_busy()
+			assert_stack({ })
+		end)
+				
 		
 		it("should close any open popups when showing a popup without the Popup On Popup flag", function()
 			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
@@ -234,6 +335,23 @@ return function()
 			assert(wait_until_not_busy())
 		end)
 
+		it("should be able to preload a screen and wait for it", function()
+			assert(not monarch.is_preloading(TRANSITION1))
+			monarch.preload(TRANSITION1)
+			wait_until_done(function(done)
+				monarch.when_preloaded(TRANSITION1, done)
+			end)
+			assert(not monarch.is_preloading(TRANSITION1))
+		end)
+		
+		it("should ignore any preload calls while busy", function()
+			monarch.show(TRANSITION1)
+			-- previously a call to preload() while also showing a screen would
+			-- lock up monarch. See issue #32
+			monarch.preload(TRANSITION1)
+			assert(wait_until_shown(TRANSITION1), "Transition1 was never shown")
+		end)
+		
 		it("should be able to notify listeners of navigation events", function()
 			local URL1 = msg.url(screens_instances[hash("/listener1")])
 			local URL2 = msg.url(screens_instances[hash("/listener2")])
@@ -241,26 +359,154 @@ return function()
 			monarch.add_listener(URL2)
 
 			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[1].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_STARTED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[1].message.screen == SCREEN1)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL2)[1].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_STARTED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL2)[1].message.screen == SCREEN1)
 			assert(wait_until_not_busy())
-			
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[2].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_FINISHED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[2].message.screen == SCREEN1)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL2)[2].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_FINISHED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL2)[2].message.screen == SCREEN1)
+												
 			monarch.remove_listener(URL2)
 			monarch.show(SCREEN2)
 			assert(wait_until_not_busy())
-			
+
+			assert(#mock_msg.messages(URL1) == 6)
+			assert(#mock_msg.messages(URL2) == 2)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[3].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_OUT_STARTED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[3].message.screen == SCREEN1)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[4].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_STARTED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[4].message.screen == SCREEN2)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[5].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_FINISHED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[5].message.screen == SCREEN2)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[6].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_OUT_FINISHED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[6].message.screen == SCREEN1)
+						
 			monarch.back()
 			assert(wait_until_not_busy())
 						
-			local messages_1 = mock_msg.messages(URL1)
-			local messages_2 = mock_msg.messages(URL2)
-			assert(#messages_1 == 5)
-			assert(#messages_2 == 1)
-			assert(messages_2[1].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_VISIBLE and messages_1[1].message.screen == SCREEN1)
+			assert(#mock_msg.messages(URL1) == 10)
+			assert(#mock_msg.messages(URL2) == 2)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[7].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_OUT_STARTED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[7].message.screen == SCREEN2)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[8].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_STARTED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[8].message.screen == SCREEN1)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[9].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_IN_FINISHED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[9].message.screen == SCREEN1)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[10].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_TRANSITION_OUT_FINISHED)
+			assert(mock_msg.messages(URL1)[10].message.screen == SCREEN2)
+		end)
+
+		it("should be able to show a screen even while it is preloading", function()
+			monarch.show(SCREEN_PRELOAD, nil, { count = 1 })
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN_PRELOAD), "Screen_preload was never shown")
+		end)
+		
+		it("should be able to preload a screen and always keep it loaded", function()
+			monarch.show(SCREEN_PRELOAD, nil, { count = 1 })
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN_PRELOAD), "Screen_preload was never shown")
+			-- first time the screen gets loaded it will increment the count
+			assert(monarch.data(SCREEN_PRELOAD).count == 2)
+
+			monarch.show(SCREEN_PRELOAD, { clear = true }, { count = 1 })
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN_PRELOAD), "Screen_preload was never shown")
+			-- second time the screen gets shown it will already be loaded and not increment the count
+			assert(monarch.data(SCREEN_PRELOAD).count == 1)
+		end)
+
+
+		it("should be able to reload a preloaded screen", function()
+			monarch.show(SCREEN_PRELOAD, nil, { count = 1 })
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN_PRELOAD), "Screen_preload was never shown")
+			-- first time the screen gets loaded it will increment the count
+			assert(monarch.data(SCREEN_PRELOAD).count == 2)
+
+			monarch.show(SCREEN_PRELOAD, { clear = true, reload = true }, { count = 1 })
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN_PRELOAD), "Screen_preload was never shown")
+			-- second time the screen gets shown it will be reloaded and increment the count
+			assert(monarch.data(SCREEN_PRELOAD).count == 2)
+		end)
+
+
+		it("should send focus messages", function()
+			_G.focus1_gained = nil
+			_G.focus1_lost = nil
+
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
+			monarch.show(FOCUS1)
+			assert(wait_until_shown(FOCUS1), "Screen1 was never shown")
+			assert(_G.focus1_gained)
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			assert(wait_until_shown(SCREEN1), "Screen1 was never shown")
+			assert(wait_until_hidden(FOCUS1), "Focus1 was never hidden")
+			assert(_G.focus1_lost)
+		end)
+
+
+		it("should be able to post messages without message data to visible screens", function()
+			_G.screen1_foobar = nil
+			_G.screen2_foobar = nil
+
+			-- proxy screen
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			wait_until_shown(SCREEN1)
+			assert(monarch.post(SCREEN1, "foobar"), "Expected monarch.post() to return true")
+			cowait(0.1)
+			assert(_G.screen1_foobar, "Screen1 never received a message")
+
+			-- factory screen
+			monarch.show(SCREEN2)
+			wait_until_shown(SCREEN2)
+			assert(monarch.post(SCREEN2, "foobar"), "Expected monarch.post() to return true")
+			cowait(0.1)
+			assert(_G.screen2_foobar, "Screen2 never received a message")
+		end)
+
+
+		it("should be able to post messages with message data to visible screens", function()
+			_G.screen1_foobar = nil
+			_G.screen2_foobar = nil
+
+			-- proxy screen
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			wait_until_shown(SCREEN1)
+			assert(monarch.post(SCREEN1, "foobar", { foo = "bar" }), "Expected monarch.post() to return true")
+			cowait(0.1)
+			assert(_G.screen1_foobar, "Screen1 never received a message")
+			assert(_G.screen1_foobar.foo == "bar", "Screen1 never received message data")
 			
-			assert(messages_1[1].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_VISIBLE and messages_1[1].message.screen == SCREEN1)
-			assert(messages_1[2].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_HIDDEN and messages_1[2].message.screen == SCREEN1)
-			assert(messages_1[3].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_VISIBLE and messages_1[3].message.screen == SCREEN2)
-			assert(messages_1[4].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_HIDDEN and messages_1[4].message.screen == SCREEN2)
-			assert(messages_1[5].message_id == monarch.SCREEN_VISIBLE and messages_1[5].message.screen == SCREEN1)
+			-- factory screen
+			monarch.show(SCREEN2)
+			wait_until_shown(SCREEN2)
+			assert(monarch.post(SCREEN2, "foobar", { foo = "bar" }), "Expected monarch.post() to return true")
+			cowait(0.1)
+			assert(_G.screen2_foobar, "Screen2 never received a message")
+			assert(_G.screen2_foobar.foo == "bar", "Screen2 never received message data")
+		end)
+
+
+		it("should not be able to post messages to hidden screens", function()
+			_G.screen1_foobar = nil
+
+			monarch.show(SCREEN1)
+			wait_until_shown(SCREEN1)
+			monarch.show(SCREEN2)
+			wait_until_shown(SCREEN2)
+			local ok, err = monarch.post(SCREEN1, "foobar")
+			assert(not ok and err, "Expected monarch.post() to return false plus an error message")
+			cowait(0.1)
+			assert(not _G.screen1_foobar, "Screen1 should not have received a message")
+		end)
+
+
+		it("should not be able to post messages to proxy screens without a receiver url", function()
+			monarch.show(POPUP1)
+			wait_until_shown(POPUP1)
+			local ok, err = monarch.post(POPUP1, "foobar")
+			assert(not ok and err, "Expected monarch.post() to return false plus an error message")
 		end)
 	end)
 end