55 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
55 lines
1.6 KiB
Markdown
# Network Hardware
|
|
|
|
## Hosts
|
|
Hosts are the actual clients/devices on a network.
|
|
Examples: Computers, printers, servers, etc....
|
|
|
|
## Hubs / Repeaters
|
|
Hubs connect hosts in [[Network Types#Broadcast network]] networks, they forward all messages in all possible directions. This means that hubs are non-intelligent.
|
|
![[hubs.png]]
|
|
|
|
## Switches
|
|
Switches like hubs also connect hosts in broadcast networks. Switches however forward messages in the direction of their intended receivers. This makes the switches intelligent.
|
|
|
|
This property of a switch is called filtering.
|
|
|
|
Switches contain a table that stores all [[MAC-Address]] of connected devices (of each port) in a table.
|
|
|
|
They read the frame of a incoming message, extract the destination MAC Address and forward it to the corresponding port on the switch.
|
|
|
|
## Bridges
|
|
|
|
|
|
## Routers
|
|
Router is a member of multiple networks.
|
|
|
|
![[routers-example.png]]
|
|
|
|
For each connection to a network a routers uses a network interface card (NIC) and a IP address.
|
|
|
|
This way a router can have multiple IP addresses.
|
|
|
|
Each connection is identified by a interface, label or an address.
|
|
|
|
Example of a routing table:
|
|
![[routing-table.png]]
|
|
|
|
### Updating router tables
|
|
Routers are responsible for updating routing tables themselves.
|
|
|
|
When a router detects a change in connections, it immediately informs other routers about it.
|
|
|
|
Routers use optimum route finding algorithms to update their tables.
|
|
|
|
Exchanging routing information between routers is done periodically even when there is no change in the network.
|
|
|
|
The most commonly used routing algorithms are:
|
|
- Distance vector routing (RIP)
|
|
- Link-state Routing (OSPF, IS-IS)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|