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School/Analyse/Periode 1/Network Hardware.md

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+# Network Hardware
+
+## Hosts
+Hosts are the actual clients/devices on a network. 
+Examples: Computers, printers, servers, etc....
+
+## Hubs / Repeaters
+Hubs connect hosts in [[Network Types#Broadcast network]] networks, they forward all messages in all possible directions. This means that hubs are non-intelligent.
+![[hubs.png]]
+
+## Switches
+Switches like hubs also connect hosts in broadcast networks. Switches however forward messages in the direction of their intended receivers. This makes the switches intelligent.
+
+This property of a switch is called filtering.
+
+Switches contain a table that stores all [[MAC-Address]] of connected devices (of each port) in a table.
+
+They read the frame of a incoming message, extract the destination MAC Address and forward it to the corresponding port on the switch.
+
+## Bridges
+
+
+## Routers
+Router is a member of multiple networks.
+
+![[routers-example.png]]
+
+For each connection to a network a routers uses a network interface card (NIC) and a IP address.
+
+This way a router can have multiple IP addresses.
+
+Each connection is identified by a interface, label or an address.
+
+Example of a routing table:
+![[routing-table.png]]
+
+### Updating router tables
+Routers are responsible for updating routing tables themselves.
+
+When a router detects a change in connections, it immediately informs other routers about it.
+
+Routers use optimum route finding algorithms to update their tables.
+
+Exchanging routing information between routers is done periodically even when there is no change in the network.
+
+The most commonly used routing algorithms are:
+- Distance vector routing (RIP)
+- Link-state Routing (OSPF, IS-IS)
+
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